parentage Archives - Lonich Patton Ehrlich Policastri

How Is Paternity Determined In California?

September 8, 2021/in Family Law /by Virginia Lively

The issue of paternity is complex and the laws surrounding it vary state by state. If you are a father or couple who are seeking to determine your parentage in California, you may be wondering what your next step should be. What is a paternity test? How do you get tested? In California, there are three ways you can go about establishing paternity.

Go To Court

When parents think of determining parentage, this is typically the method they think of. This also tends to be the hardest method to determine paternity. If a child’s mother is trying to prove the parentage of a child, and the other parent is denying their paternity, a mother can go to court to establish it. Alternatively, if an alleged father wants to prove their paternity to have rights to custody of a child, they can also go to court to establish parentage.

When going to court, the judge will order a genetic paternity test.. If the alleged father refuses, the noncooperation can be considered evidence of parentage.

To go to court, you must fill out and file several legal documents. These are complex and require a trained eye. Please consider hiring an experienced paternity attorney. LPEP Law serves the greater Bay Area. Set up a free consultation with them here.

Get The Child Support Agency To Determine Paternity

The local child support agency has a right to ask the court for an order on paternity, just as the child’s mother or alleged father does. Having the child support agency provide this service for you is free and can take some of the stress off yourself. In addition to establishing parentage, they will also file for a child support order.

You can obtain these services by calling the local child support agency and setting up an appointment to open a case for paternity and support. If a father denies being the parent of a child, a mother can even open a case while still pregnant for a genetic test to be administered after the child is born.

If a parent is on welfare for the child, the child support agency will automatically open a case for paternity.

Sign A Voluntary Declaration

A declaration of parentage is a legal document that parents sign to claim themselves as the legal parents of a child. It is always voluntary. This document is usually signed by both parents in the hospital after a child is born. However, in cases where this didn’t happen, the declaration can still be signed as long as certain rules are followed.

For a declaration to be signed outside of the hospital, there are only certain public locations that the form can be signed at. The form must be signed in the presence of the local child support agency, the welfare offices, the Registrar of Birth, the local superior court, or the local family law facilitator. You can find your California family law facilitator here. The form must then be filed with Child Support Services to go into effect, and then it holds the same weight as a court order establishing parentage.

After the declaration of parentage is filed, orders for custody and visitation can be filed by a judge. The Court can also make orders for child support. A voluntary declaration of parentage grants both parents who signed it an equal right to custody, but also means they both have a responsibility to support and provide for the child. To learn more about voluntary declarations of parentage in the state of California, visit here.

When You Don’t Need A Paternity Case

There are certain instances in which you don’t need a paternity case in California. These include:

An unmarried couple signs a voluntary declaration of paternity.
You are married to the other parent. (This applies to same sex marriages and heterosexual marriages alike).
Two parties in a DVRO case agree to paternity of a child and the court entered judgement about paternity.
The child support agency filed a paternity case.

If you live in the State of California and are curious about starting a paternity case, get in touch with our San Jose, California attorneys today. Get questions like “what is a paternity test?” answered. We can help you with the complex paperwork that comes with going to court and can help ensure the process goes smoothly. We offer free 30-minute consultations with our experienced team of attorneys. You can set up your free consultation here. To learn more about paternity, visit us here.

Estate Planning for Special Needs Children

June 16, 2017/in Estate Planning /by Michael Lonich

Having a child with special needs brings countless challenges to overcome. Parents of these children, regardless of age, are their biggest advocates, providers, and caretakers. Life is unpredictable, but if parents have a well thought out plan they can take comfort in knowing their child will continue to be provided for. Therefore, it is essential that parents of a special needs child plan early regarding their estate.

Setting out an estate plan to provide for a child with special needs has its own unique hurdles. One is to design a plan that supplements a child’s government benefits while enhancing the quality of the child’s life. As a parent, if you leave your child too much outright this may risk them losing their public benefits. Another hurdle to overcome is to figure out how to provide for proper supervision, management, and distribution of the inheritance through a third party created and funded Special Needs Trust. The task of estate planning may feel daunting at times, but with a knowledgeable attorney and good organization parents can execute a successful estate plan.

The ultimate goal is to preserve public benefits for a disabled child. Parents will want the plan to provide a lifetime of money management for the child’s benefit, protect the child’s eligibility for public benefits, and ensure a pool of funds available for future use in the event public funding ceases or is restricted.

These goals can be accomplished by executing a Special Needs Trust. If properly drafted and administered, a Special Needs Trust will allow the child to continually qualify for public assisted programs even though their parents have left them an inheritance. This occurs since the assets are not directly available to the child and because this type of trust has strict limits on the trustee’s availability to give money to the child.

Parents who draft a Special Needs Trust will appoint a trustee to act as the child’s money manager. This is a very important decision because it will ensure the long-term success of the Special Needs Trust. Parents should closely counsel with their attorney before making this selection.

Parents may also wish to appoint a guardian or conservator. A conservatorship or guardianship are court proceedings that designate a person to handle certain affairs for an incapacitated person. Where a conservator cares for the estate and financial affairs, a guardian is responsible for personal affairs such as where the child lives or what doctor they see.

Parent’s planning will ensure their child is cared for in the best way possible. But it is important to plan now. If you are considering drafting an estate plan and would like more information about Special Needs Trusts or other options available, please contact the experienced estate law attorneys at Lonich Patton Erlich Policastri

Lastly, please remember that each individual situation is unique, and results discussed in this post are not a guarantee of future results. While this post may detail general legal issues, it is not legal advice. Use of this site does not create an attorney-client relationship

How Can Parents Secure Parental Rights in Assisted Reproduction?

June 5, 2017/in Family Law /by Mitchell Ehrlich

Many couples are choosing to begin the expansion of their families later rather than sooner. With this new trend, assisted reproductive technology has gained tremendous popularity in aiding individuals embark on this process.

Assisted reproduction refers to all treatments which involve handling eggs or embryos outside of the body and includes procedures such as: in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, donor egg or embryo, surrogacy, gamete intrafallopian transfer, and zygote intrafallopian transfer. As fascinating as these medical processes are, legal considerations need to be addressed when parentage is being determined.

Parentage in the law deals with the legal relationship between parents and a child. We discussed establishing a child’s parentage generally in an earlier blog post here. But the right of parentage earns a new level of complexity when done through assisted reproduction.

Many couples who engage in assisted reproduction use a donated egg or donated semen. And there can be some natural concerns that come up when you are on the side of the donation recipient. Does the donor have rights as the parents-to-be do? How do parents-to-be secure their parentage rights?

Their rights as parents can prevent the donor from seeking parental rights. However, if the sperm donor and the intended parent wants the donor to be treated as the child’s parent then there must be a written agreement stating this prior to conception. Also, if an egg donor wishes to be treated as the child’s parent the court must find satisfactory evidence that the donor and person seeking treatment meant otherwise. This may be demonstrated by the donor taking on a role of raising the child.

Parents using a surrogate may have parentage concerns too, but preparing before birth will ease these anxieties. As long as the parents-to-be sign the appropriate surrogate contracts they shall be the lawful parents of the child.

Ultimately, the ruled and laws regarding assisted reproduction and parentage rights are complex. All relationships are unique and some may not fit perfectly within the box of California law. Moreover, the scientific abilities of reproductive assistance are constantly evolving at a rapid rate. Therefore, it is important to talk with a knowledgeable attorney like those at Lonich Patton Erlich Policastri to discuss your specific situation.

If you would like more information about assisted reproduction and parental rights, please contact the experienced family law attorneys at Lonich Patton Erlich Policastri.

Lastly, please remember that each individual situation is unique, and results discussed in this post are not a guarantee of future results. While this post may detail general legal issues, it is not legal advice. Use of this site does not create an attorney-client relationship.

What Parents with a Disability Need to be Aware of in a Divorce

June 1, 2017/in Family Law /by Michael Lonich

Parenting while going through a divorce is hard, but also having a disability adds a new level of complexity that makes it is easy to feel overwhelmed and deflated. This is why it is so important to have a competent lawyer who will advocate for your parentage rights effectively and with care.

The thought of having parentage rights taken away will make any parent’s heart drop. But the chances of a disabled parent facing this nightmare is almost a guarantee. According to the National Council on Disabilities the removal rates of children from disabled parents are dispiriting. For children with psychiatric disabled parents the removal rates were between 70% and 80%; parents with intellectual disabilities were 80%; and parents with physical or sensory disabilities experienced high removal rates and loss of parental rights, as well.

If you are a disabled parent facing divorce or a child custody battle, it is important to find a lawyer who is sympathetic to your situation, who understands your condition, and will be effective in their advocacy for you. This is crucial because there are many unfortunate challenges a disabled parent can face in court.

Disabled parents may experience bias or speculation regarding best interest determinants. When dealing with a child, the court’s main objective is to produce a result that is in the child’s best interest; and a parent’s disability will be considered.

There is also a “no harm” requirement when determining a child’s best interest scenario, where the court factors the mental and physical health of all individuals involved to determine if there is a potential chance for harm to occur to the child. With this requirement, there is no obligation to show that the parent’s disability is actually causing, or will cause, any harm to the child or their environment. This can clearly disfavor any parent dealing with a disability.

If you are a parent who has a disability and is facing a divorce or custody battle, securing knowledgeable and effective counsel is imperative. There are a few key characteristics you should look for your future lawyer.

Of course, a knowledgeable lawyer in family law and child custody is a must, but you also want one who will focus on your parenting abilities and strengths. Your attorney needs to understand the specifics of your diagnosis in order to better advise and understand you. By being knowledgeable on your disability’s characteristics your lawyer will be more equipped to advocate on your parenting strengths and abilities. Finally, you want to find a lawyer who apprehends the benefits and pitfalls of various parental evaluations. Overall, your lawyer should give you assurance that your parental rights are protected and that you are given a fair opportunity to raise your child.

If you are considering a divorce or legal separation and would like more information about child custody and parental disability, please contact the experienced family law attorneys at Lonich Patton Erlich Policastri.

Lastly, please remember that each individual situation is unique, and results discussed in this post are not a guarantee of future results. While this post may detail general legal issues, it is not legal advice. Use of this site does not create an attorney-client relationship.

How to Establish a Child’s Parentage

June 17, 2016/1 Comment/in Family Law /by Gina Policastri

When a child is born to a married couple, California law automatically establishes both spouses as the child’s parents. However, while nonmarital births peaked in the late 2000s, four out of every ten children are still born to unmarried women.* Additionally, nonmarital births are increasingly likely to occur in cohabiting unions. Yet, even when born to a cohabiting (but unmarried) couple, a child’s parentage is not automatically presumed—he or she will not automatically receive the same benefits that a married couple’s child will receive. As a result, it is very important that unwed parents legally establish their child’s parentage.

Establishing parentage is important for the parents and the child because it entitles all parties to a host of legal rights and privileges: child support, legal identification documents, both parents’ names on the child’s birth certificate, access to family medical records and history, health and life insurance coverage, the right to inherit, and the right to receive social security and veteran’s benefits. Additionally, once parentage is established, a court can make orders concerning the above listed rights and privileges and concerning child custody, visitation, name changes, and expense reimbursement.

The parentage of a child born to an unmarried couple can be established by either 1) a voluntary signing of a Declaration of Paternity, or 2) a court order. First, a Declaration of Paternity can be signed by both parents once the child is born. The form can be signed at the hospital or at a later date, but to become effective, it must be filed with the California Department of Child Support Services Paternity Opportunity Program. If signed and filed properly, a declaration form has the same effect as a court order.

Second, if a parent refuses to sign the declaration, an individual, with the help of a family law attorney or through a local child support agency, can go to court to establish parentage. In California, section 7611 of the Family Code provides several rebuttable presumptions of natural parent status: 1) the presumed parent and the child’s natural mother are married when the child is born, or the child is born within 300 days after the termination of a marriage, 2) before the child’s birth, the presumed parent and the child’s natural mother attempted to marry each other, 3) after the child’s birth, the presumed parent and the child’s natural mother have married or attempted to marry each other, and with consent, the presumed parent is named as the child’s parent on the birth certificate or is obligated to support the child under a written promise or court order, and 4) the presumed parent receives the child into his or her home and openly holds the child out as his or her natural child. If a court finds that one these presumptions applies, it will issue an order establishing parentage.

Additionally, section 7551 of the California Family Code provides that in civil proceedings where paternity is relevant, the court may order (of its own initiative or upon suggestion by an involved party) that the mother, child, and alleged father submit to genetic tests. As provided by section 7555 of the California Family Code, if the court finds that the ordered genetic testing establishes paternity to a certain degree verified by experts, there is rebuttable presumption of paternity, and the court may proceed with support and custody orders.

For more information about establishing a child’s parentage in California, especially if you are interested in pursuing child support and/or custody of your child, please contact the experienced family law attorneys at Lonich Patton Erlich Policastri.

Lastly, please remember that each individual situation is unique, and results discussed in this post are not a guarantee of future results. While this post may detail general legal issues, it is not legal advice. Use of this site does not create an attorney-client relationship.

Sources:

*http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db162.htm

http://www.courts.ca.gov/1201.htm

Does Donating Sperm Via Craiglist Make You A “Father”?

February 4, 2014/in Family Law /by Julia Lemon

To some, donating sperm is considered an easy way to make some cash. However, for one Kansas man,* donating sperm turned out to be way more than he bargained for. William Marotta donated sperm to a lesbian couple via Craigslist, but did not comply with a Kansas statute that required that a licensed physician perform the insemination. Instead, he gave the sperm directly to the couple.

The state of Kansas sued Mr. Marotta for parental support of his child, even though he and the couple signed a written agreement relinquishing his parental rights. The court decided that since the parties did not comply with the statute, Mr. Marotta is the child’s legal father whether he likes it or not. Therefore, he will have to financially support the child, as well as provide back pay to the State of Kansas for aid the child has already received. As a result, there will probably be more litigation in store for these parties.

Fortunately, this costly and uncomfortable result can easily be avoided. In California, if a sperm donor gives samples of his sperm to a physician, surgeon, or licensed sperm bank, he will be treated as if he were not a natural parent of the child, unless otherwise agreed to in writing before the child is conceived. By keeping the process official and legitimate through the use of a doctor or licensed sperm bank, sperm donors can remain anonymous and can avoid “fatherhood” until they are truly ready for that responsibility. Bottom line: unless you want to pay 18 years of child support, be sure to follow all of the statutory requirements in the Family Code.

If you’re having paternity or child custody issues, having a knowledgeable, experienced family law attorney by your side can prove to be invaluable. If you have any questions about your family law issues, please contact our California Certified Family Law Specialists (as certified by the State Bar of California Board of Legal Specialization). Lonich Patton Erlich Policastri’s attorneys have decades of experience handling complex family law proceedings and are happy to offer you a free half-hour consultation.

Please remember that each individual situation is unique and results discussed in this post are not a guarantee of future results. While this post may include legal issues, it is not legal advice. Use of this site does not create an attorney-client relationship.

*http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/man_who_responded_to_craigslist_ad_for_a_sperm_donor_is_a_dad_must_pay_chil/?utm_source=maestro&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=weekly_email

If You Think a Child Can Have Only Two Parents, Think Again.

January 31, 2014/in Family Law /by David Patton

As of the first of this year, some new and exciting changes have occurred in California family law. Last fall, Governor Brown signed bill SB 274* which allows children to have more than one parent. The court will grant parentage to multiple parents where it is determined that having only two parents will be detrimental to the child.

The law, now part of the California Family Code, directs the family court to consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited to, the harm of removing a child from a stable home with a parent who has fulfilled the child’s physical needs and the child’s psychological needs for care and affection, and who has assumed that role for a substantial period of time. For example, this would allow a child to remain legally connected to both of his natural parents while creating a new legal connection between him and his aunt who has cared for him for a significant amount of time.

With this law, the court can allocate time and custody of the child among all of the legal parents. As always, what is in the best interests of the child is what controls the court’s decisions. This is the same for child support. In the end, Governor Brown acknowledged that in some situations, a child can benefit from having the care and support of three or even four parents. This is a major departure from previous laws which only allowed each child to have two legal parents. Now, there are more people who will have standing in family law proceedings in regards to certain children.

If you are interested in petitioning for parentage of a child, or are dealing with other family law issues, having a knowledgeable, experienced family law attorney by your side can prove to be invaluable. If you have any questions about your divorce or custody issues, please contact our California Certified Family Law Specialists (as certified by the State Bar of California Board of Legal Specialization). Lonich Patton Erlich Policastri’s attorneys have decades of experience handling complex family law proceedings and are happy to offer you a free half-hour consultation.

Please remember that each individual situation is unique and results discussed in this post are not a guarantee of future results. While this post may include legal issues, it is not legal advice. Use of this site does not create an attorney-client relationship.

http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/04/local/la-me-brown-bills-parents-20131005

*SB 274 is now operative as of 1/1/14.

Posts

How Is Paternity Determined In California?

Go To Court

Get The Child Support Agency To Determine Paternity

Sign A Voluntary Declaration

When You Don’t Need A Paternity Case

Estate Planning for Special Needs Children

How Can Parents Secure Parental Rights in Assisted Reproduction?

What Parents with a Disability Need to be Aware of in a Divorce

How to Establish a Child’s Parentage

Does Donating Sperm Via Craiglist Make You A “Father”?

If You Think a Child Can Have Only Two Parents, Think Again.

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